Traditionally, inorganic trace minerals have been used to meet birds’ requirements. However, these sources are highly reactive, poorly absorbed and prone to antagonistic interactions in the premix, feed and digestive tract. Proteinated trace minerals offer a more stable and bioavailable alternative and have been shown to support immune competence, oxidative status, egg quality and broiler growth efficiency.

Bioavailability and Stability in the GI Tract One of the most important factors affecting how well a trace mineral is utilised by the bird is its stability as it passes through the bird’s digestive tract, where a highly acidic environment can cause many mineral sources to break apart into free mineral ions. These free ions readily.