In the Netherlands, bulk milk somatic cell count (BMSCC) has decreased from 2002 to 2018. However, since then it has risen with a sharp increase in 2022. Higher BMSCC indicates poorer milk quality, thus posing a concern. The gradual increase since 2018 was linked to automated milking systems, increasing age of the dairy herd and increasing herd size. However, these factors do not fully explain the peak in 2022. In addition, higher milk prices and changes in diagnostic standards were significant contributors. Understanding these factors help farmers and veterinarians take steps to reduce BMSCC and improve milk quality in their herds.