Porcine Circovirus (PCV) type 2 (PCV2) is a nonenveloped virus with a single-stranded DNA genome that has been present and recognised in the pig population for a long time. From the late 1990s onwards, PCV2 has become one of the most economically important pathogens in swine production, therefore focus has been placed on effective control of the disease. Systemic infection with PCV2 has many associated clinical manifestations which affect various organ systems. Christina Gale, Eduardo Velazquez, Roman Krejci at CEVA Animal Health, discuss how this will have a significant impact on animal health, welfare and productivity if not controlled effectively.